Using Accessors and Mutators in Java

One of the ways we can enforce data encapsulation is through the use of accessors and mutators. The role of accessors and mutators are to return and set the values of an objects state. Lets learn how to program accessors and mutators in Java. As an example, well use a Person class with the state and constructor already defined: Accessor Methods An accessor method is used to return the value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word get to the start of the method name. For example lets add accessor methods for firstname, middleNames and lastname: These methods always return the same data type as their corresponding private field (e.g., String) and then simply return the value of that private field. We can now access their values through the methods of a Person object: Mutator Methods A mutator method is used to set a value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word set to the start of the method name. For example, lets add mutator fields for address and username: These methods do not have a return type and accept a parameter that is the same data type as their corresponding private field. The parameter is then used to set the value of that private field. Its now possible to modify the values for the address and username inside the Person object: Why Use Accessors and Mutators? Its easy to come to the conclusion that we could just change the private fields of the class definition to be public and achieve the same results. Its important to remember that we want to hide the data of the object as much as possible. The extra buffer provided by these methods allows us to: Change how the data is handled behind the scenes.Impose validation on the values that the fields are being set to. Lets say we decide to modify how we store middle names. Instead of just one String we can now use an array of Strings: The implementation inside the object has changed but the outside world is not affected. The way the methods are called remains exactly the same: Or, lets say the application that is using the Person object can only accept usernames that have a maximum of ten characters. We can add validation in the setUsername mutator to make sure the username conforms to this requirement: Now if the username passed to the setUsername mutator is longer than ten characters it is automatically truncated.

Race And Gender Discrimination Contemporary Trends

Race and Gender Discrimination – Contemporary Trends Social Inequality; as defined by sociologists is the unequal opportunities of different social statuses and positions within a group of individuals or in society. The opportunities we receive, our wealth, our rewards, and our punishments, can all be influenced because of our positions we hold in society today. Remember the saying â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer†, why is this? It’s all because of inequality, there is no fairness when it comes to opportunities, employment, housing, etc. and it is in fact evident. After reading the article, â€Å"Race and Gender Discrimination, Contemporary Trends† there were many trends that I would of liked to discuss in my reflection, however the two trends that I found to be importantly associated with social inequality is the percentage of people who deny racial discrimination against people of color and the belief that blacks and whites have the same standard of living. In this course, a few weeks back we learned about the term colorblind and its relation with racism and society. When reading about the trend on those who deny racial discrimination against those of color I instantly think of this term. Colorblindness is basically suggesting that the best way to end discrimination is by treating individuals as equally as possible, without regard to race, culture, or ethnicity. However, most minorities that encounter everyday difficulties due to their race view colorblindnessShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation1581 Words   |  7 PagesJustice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation John Doe CJA 394 October 01, 2001 Jane Doedy Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is forever adjusting to protect and serve a changing society. The paper evaluates, identifies and assesses recent future and current trends affecting the criminal justice system. Lastly, it defines the values of the system in a changing society. 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Imagine That You Are In Charge Of Setting Up A Civilization. What Woul Essay Example For Students

Imagine That You Are In Charge Of Setting Up A Civilization. What Woul Essay d be the first thing that you did? Many people might choose to set up a system of rules and regulations to better control the way the civilization acted and regulated it. After all, a civilization cannot grow and prosper without rules. The civilization would die because no food would be gathered and no one would work for anything. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding had the boys do exactly this. To symbolize the rules and regulations in the boys new society Golding picked a symbol of the conch. By doing this he assigned the conch the responsibility of representing the rules and order in the boys island life. The conch symbolized the rise and fall of order and rules in a civilization. When the United States of America were created, one of the first things that the founding fathers did was to write the Constitution. Every citizen of the USA, then and now, respects the rules and regulations outlined by this document. This is one of the main reasons why our country is so successful, be cause no one disrespects and questions the basis of our society, the Constitution (rules and order). In Iraq, however, there is a totally different situation. There, they have a leader (Saddam Hussein) who misuses the rules. He disrespects the rules and order of Iraq and uses them for his own propaganda. When people of a country, especially the leader of a country, disrespect and misuse the rules, it can have an adverse effect on the well being of that country. The worst thing that can happen for law and order in a society is when people completely disrespect them. This is similar to when Pinochet overthrew the Chilean government. He banned any opposing views and also restricted the freedom of the press. A period of anarchy ensued and common person in Chile was very badly hurt. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses the conch as an allegory to law and order in a society. Once people stopped respecting the power of the conch, the boys civilization was destroyed. Law and order in a society depend on the citizens of that societys respect for the rules. When the boys reached the island, the conch helped to form the rules of a society and the assemblies helped to get the civilization started the right way. The conch gave Ralph the power to call an assembly. Whenever he felt a need to address the rules of the society or to scorn the boys for the lack of work ethic he called an assembly to bring all of the boys together. At the assembly, only the one holding the conch is allowed to speak. Thats what the shells called. Ill give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when hes speaking. (33) This is an enormous privilege because it allows the holder of the conch to share his ideas to the rest of the group. This is the avenue that Ralph takes to share his ideas of the rescue fire, and also gives Jack the responsibility to lead the hunters; giving him satisfaction is his power and also keeping him happy. This is the only way a person can gain power and the boys know and respect that fact. When Ralph is elected, it is because not only did he call the assembly, but he was also holding the conch at the time of the election. Yet most powerfully was the conch.(22) The boys respect the conch. Just the thought of the aura of the conch demanded a massive amount of respect, just like the rules in a society. Ralph smiled and held up the conch for silence.(23) Everything is going wonderfully for the boys at this point in the story. They have a strong leader, food, fire and strong set of rules that everyone respects. When all the citizens stay in line the society of which those citizens belong can grow and prosper. .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .postImageUrl , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:hover , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:visited , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:active { border:0!important; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:active , .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67 .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71454720cf5aaf83b547490d24b54a67:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics EssayWhen Jack does not listen to the conch, he is disrespecting the rules and regulations of the society. By doing so, he is trying to show that the Ralph way is the wrong way of conducting the island and that his way is better and, without knowing it, brings about a downward spiral of law and order. Conch! Conch! We dont need the conch any more. We know who ought to say things. What good did Simon do speaking, or Bill or Walter? Its time some people knew theyve got to keep quiet and leave deciding things to the rest of us. (101-2) He begins a revolt against the rules and order of a society. He also tries to limit the power of other people besides the leaders. Wh en you take the power of speaking, or the voice, away from the common person than you become less of a democracy and more of a dictatorship. Jack is disrespecting the rules, which clearly state that only the person that has the conch may speak. In a democratic society, there are two ways to gain power over the people; taking it violently or having the citizens willfully give it up. Once the old rules seem less important, Jack is more likely to succeed in doing this. The weaker aura and power of the rules that came with Jacks mini-revolt laid done the foundation for a full-scale power struggle that hurt the boys society. The society of the boys cannot prosper with the great schism between Jack and Ralph. The aura of the conch is gone and there is very little to hold the boys back from anarchy. When a society no longer respects the rules and regulations of a society, there is no way that it can survive. Jack also used the conch, or the rules, to his own propaganda ideals. Jack took ad vantage of the conch to promote himself and take power away from Ralph. And the next thing is that Ralph said my hunters are no good.(126) He is trying to get a major part of the group, the hunters, to believe that Ralph, as the leader, does not respect them and their contribution to the society. Once Jack misuses the conch, it looses some of the prestige. If everyone can call an assembly, than why would the boys respect Ralph, who previously was the only person with the power to do this. The conch is loosing power among the boys just as the rules would loose power once such a great schism is developed between powerful people. When this happens, people dont know whom to turn to. Without the rules and order to guide them, the boys are lost on the island. Because of Jacks gross discrediting of the rules, the boys island society can never again reach the heights it did during the period of time where the rules meant something. Piggys death is very symbolic because it represents the destruction of the conch and the end to all of the rules and regulations in the boys society. Roger kills Piggy very viciously, which goes against almost any set of rules ever made. He throws a boulder at him. This brutal death is also the death of the conch shell and symbolizes how Roger, Jack and the rest of the hunters hold an incredible disregard for the rules and order of Ralphs society. The conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist.(181) Not only where the rules, or the conch, destroyed, but they ceased to exist. Once the conch is destroyed, Jacks clan has complete control. In the real world, when anarchy reigns the military is usually who takes over. Once it does so, it has complete control over the people and can manipulate them to its advantage. There is also nobody to keep them in line. William Golding portrays this new lawless society best when he talks about the boy being tortured. He didnt s ay (why). He got angry and made us tie Wilford up. (159) Now that there are no rules, Jack takes full advantage of the situation and treats people the way he wanted to from the beginning. Once the conch is destroyed, the rules cease to exist, when this happens the little people, such as Wilford are hurt and the civilization cannot possibly succeed. .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .postImageUrl , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:hover , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:visited , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:active { border:0!important; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:active , .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227 .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ec951cd61dca8a3949eb874e7803227:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ritalin and Its Uses EssayThe rise and fall of the conch symbolized the rise and fall of a system of rules, regulations and order in a society and also was an allegory for many historical events. Whether the conch was representing the writing of the constitution, or the beginnings of a successful society; Saddam Husseins selfish use of propaganda; or a military coup and state of anarchy that followed in Chile, it provided a parallel universe showing how important the rules and regulations are to a successful society. In each situation there is a direct correlation between the amount the citizens respected the rules and how successful the country was. The Lord of the Flies shows how important the peoples respect for the rules is. Without it, no society can prosper because law and order depend on respect for the rules.